By 2045, an estimated 65% - 70% of the world's population will be residing in urban areas. As the urban population swells, the number of megacities with a population exceeding 10 million is projected to increase from 28 in 2016 to 41 by 2030. This massive influx of people into cities will place immense strain on urban infrastructure, including intercity transportation, food and water supply, power and energy systems, sewage treatment, and public safety networks.

Future smart cities will leverage Information and Communication Technology (ICT), along with big data and automation, to enhance urban efficiency and sustainability. For example, distributed sensor systems will be used to monitor real - time data on water and electricity consumption, and smart grids will automatically adjust power distribution settings. Networked traffic signal systems and autonomous driving technologies will help alleviate traffic congestion. Smart buildings constructed with new materials and innovative design techniques will boost the efficiency of air - conditioning and lighting systems, reducing energy waste. Additionally, clean electricity will be generated through rooftop solar panels, small - scale wind turbines, geothermal power, and other renewable energy sources.

However, on the flip side, cities lacking the financial resources or political will to invest in these technologies will become overcrowded and unhygienic, potentially turning into hotspots for riots and conflicts.